The United States has formally imposed anti-dumping and countervailing duties on crystalline silicon solar cells from India, Indonesia and Laos, including cells that have been assembled into modules. The U.S. Department of Commerce published the orders in the Federal Register on 9 November 2026, and they apply from the same day.
The orders are the last step of a trade case that has run for more than a year. Commerce issued its final dumping and subsidy determinations in September, and the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) then found that imports from the three countries are causing material injury to American manufacturers. The ITC informed Commerce of its decision in a letter dated 2 November.
The dumping rates
Commerce set an anti-dumping margin of 123.04% for Indian producers, including Mundra Solar PV, Mundra Solar Energy, Kowa Company and Premier Energies Photovoltaic, and for all other Indian exporters. After an offset for subsidies, the cash deposit rate for India is 107.17%.
For Indonesia, the dumping margin is 94.36% for PT Blue Sky Solar Indonesia, PT REC Solar Energy Indonesia and all other exporters. These rates were based on "facts available with adverse inferences", a method Commerce uses when it decides that a company has not fully cooperated with the investigation.
For Laos, Commerce corrected what it called a ministerial error in its September calculation for Solarspace Technology (Laos) Sole Co. The amended dumping margin for Solarspace and for the Laos-wide entity is now 65.76%, with a cash deposit rate of 65.36% after the subsidy offset. The orders list the company's exports through Solarspace's Hong Kong arm and through JA Solar Vietnam and two Trina Solar companies.
The subsidy rates
The countervailing duty orders add a second layer. The subsidy rate is 126.09% for Mundra Solar Energy, Mundra Solar PV and all other Indian exporters. In Indonesia, it is 173.70% for PT Blue Sky Solar Indonesia and 73.20% for PT REC Solar Energy Indonesia and all others. In Laos, Solarspace and all other exporters face 82.03%, while Vietnam Sunergy Joint Stock Company faces 153.67%.
When both duties are added, pv magazine India reported that combined rates can reach about 249% for India, 268% for Indonesia and 219% for Laos. These duties come on top of existing U.S. tariffs.
What the orders cover
The orders cover cells made in the three countries, whether imported on their own or inside modules, laminates and panels. Modules assembled in another country from Indian, Indonesian or Lao cells are also covered. Modules assembled in India, Indonesia or Laos from cells made elsewhere are not. Thin-film products and some small panels used in consumer goods are excluded.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection will now collect cash deposits on imports at the published rates. Commerce also noted that the provisional measures set after its preliminary findings in April expired on 24 October. Entries made between 25 October and the day before the ITC's decision was published will not carry anti-dumping duties.
The case was brought by the Alliance for American Solar Manufacturing and Trade, a coalition whose lead members are First Solar, Hanwha Qcells USA and Mission Solar Energy, according to pv magazine India.
What it means for US developers
For buyers of cells and modules from India, Indonesia or Laos, deposits are now above 60% for every listed exporter and above 100% for most. Developers will need to check where the cells in their modules were made, not only where the modules were assembled, and budget for higher costs or longer lead times if they move to other suppliers. Contracts signed on the basis of provisional rates may also need to be reviewed against the final figures.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Federal Register notices 2026-22825 and 2026-22824 (9 November 2026); pv magazine India
